Rinoplasty (formed from two other Greek words with the meaning of "nose" + "plastic", therefore, literally translates as "plastic nose") is a section of plastic surgery, which is dedicated to the correction of congenital (obtained in the embryogenesis stage) and the nasal deformations acquired throughout life.In a nutshell, this is a plastic surgery to correct external and internal defects of the nose.Distinguish between open, closed and non -surgical rhinoplasty.In most cases, aesthetic and functional defects are surgery.
Initially, the correction was made only in relation to injuries, serious diseases and notable congenital defects.Later, plastic surgery began to become, more frequently, according to aesthetic indications, to change the appearance of the nose.For example, remove the hump, reduce the tip, lift the bridge of the nose, reduce the nostrils, etc. A little story. For the first time, surgeons from the ancient world carried out rhinoplasty. It was mentioned in the old "Ayurveda" manuscript dating from OK.1000 a.C. This document captures most of the facts with respect to the medicine of antiquity.The restoration of the units of the face was required by the wars and the people who were mutilated in the battle during the execution of the judicial judgment.At this time, the transplant began its story.As correction material, the skin of the cheeks or skin was taken on the forehead.Indian technology over time was developed so that in the Middle Ages, even European doctors, dominated it, operated successfully in patients.
Indications for rhinoplasty
Rinoplasty is performed according to medical and aesthetic indications.In other words, people simply do not like how their nose looks.It can be with a hump or curve, too large or small, wide or narrow, discouraged or long, with large or asymmetric nostrils.And it happens that a person's nose was twisted from birth or due to a blow (although he often cannot breathe and an operation is required to restore nasal breathing).There are frequent cases in which the operation is required to correct the appearance defects after the first failed plasticity (this is considered the most difficult surgical intervention).The operation is only allowed to people over 18 years (if there are no urgent medical indications).This is due to the fact that bone tissue is formed until the age of eighteen, and the cartilage is even twenty.That is why the most appropriate age for rhinoplasty from 20 to 35 years.The following is a description of the most common problems with which men and women resort to rhinos surgeons.
Nose with a hump
The essence of the problem: there is a small hump on the back of the nose, due to which the nose looks more massive, and the face is made and unsatisfied.Reason: The defect can be congenital, may appear after an injury, or it may be the result of a previously failed correction.The elimination method: in most cases, in plastic surgery, the hump is eliminated by a closed or open method under general anesthesia.If the back of the nose is too wide, it is necessary to do osteotomy (approach of the posterior bones)
A nose width
The essence of the problem: a person has a very wide nose, which makes the face massive and rude.Reasons: A defect may appear after an injury, be congenital or become the result of a failed elimination of a hump.Resolution method: Open correction with osteotomy under general anesthesia.The essence of this technique is that part of the bone is eliminated in the back, and then the lateral parts are joined.
Nosy's nose crooked
The essence of the problem: the back of the nose is asymmetric.Due to the curvature, often a person cannot breathe at all.This problem refers to functional indications for surgical correction.How a defect appears: in most cases, this is the result of a fracture.Although it happens that the nasal partition is curved as a result of the intensive growth of the skull bones during growth.Is it possible to straighten your nose? In most cases, an operation to match the partition (septoplasty) is experiencing a closed method under local anesthesia.The essence of the operation is shown in the diagram below.If this is not enough, in such cases they resort to the rhinostoplasty (when partition correction is combined with the elimination of other defects in the shape of the nose).In cases where the lesion is quite serious, they resort to reconstructive plastic (more serious surgical intervention, which is often carried out in several stages), this section of plastic surgery studies the methods of restoration of the nose after serious injuries and in cases of total absence.The task of the surgeon in this case is the restoration of the integrity of the base of the bone cherry and the skin.
The shape of the nose assembly
The essence of the problem: the nose is too low.Why, the shape of the nose resembles a chair in the profile.Reason: The defect can be congenital, may appear as a result of an injury when part of the bone or cartilage was damaged.How can you change the situation? The correct form is restored by transplating a costal cartilage, atrium cartilage (outside the ear) or implementing a synthetic implant.
Big nose
The essence of the problem. The nose too large (long or wide) makes the face disproportionate.Most of the time, in such cases, the tip is very thickened.Reason: The defect is usually congenital. How do the problem solve? The nature of surgical intervention depends on the cause (in some cases it is necessary to reduce the tip of the tip, in others the wings of the nose are reduced, but it happens that it is necessary to eliminate the hump).Before deciding that it is possible to make plastic surgeons often resort to the modeling of the 3D computer.This allows you to see even before the operation how your face will be seen, after the procedure.
The shape of the nose tip problem
The essence of the problem: the correct face proportions are violated due to the incorrect form of the nasal tip.For example, it can be:
- Narrow
- Broad
- Round (nose with potatoes or bulboso)
- Down (crochet)
- Elevated (kurting)
- Forked
How do the problem solve? The course of the operation is thought of depending on the type of problem.
- To reduce the wide tip, it is enough to tie the dome of the large cartilage, and in others it is also necessary to truncate part of the cartilage tissue.
- A round fleshy point more frequently needs to eliminate part of the cartilage, followed by approaching the domes, also often reduces wings during operation.
- The bifurcated tip of the nose must install a transplant of the patient's cartilage fabric taken in the area of the ear or rib, or synthetic material.
- The tip may seem too close due to the disorders associated with the loss of the stiffness of the lateral legs of the cartilage.They are strengthened, they also use transplants.
- During the correction of the low tip of the nose, the surgeon eliminates part of the cartilage and lifts it sewing, fixing it in a new position.
- Another operation of the operation implies the strengthening of the nose columen to guarantee good support for the tip.
- There is a third method associated with the truncation of the internal muscle, after which the tip is thrown up
- Kournostability is also eliminated in several ways that involve the installation of their own synthetic transplants at the tip of the tip or the bridge of the nose.
Large or different nostrils
The essence of the problem: the disproportionate size of the nostrils (too small or too large) or significant asymmetry can alter harmony and worsen the appearance of the face.How to eliminate defect? The course of the operation depends on the source of the problem.They can sew the nose wings, it may be required to strengthen retirement cartilage domes, and in some cases it is sufficient to align the nasal septum.It happens that it is necessary to lift or reduce the long tip of the nose
Contraindications to rhinoplasty
To absolute contraindications in which rhinoplasty should not be done in any case:
- Diabetes I, Type II
- Coronary heart disease and other serious diseases cardiovascular diseases in which general anesthesia is contraindicated
- Meningitis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, brucellosis and other severe viral infectious diseases
- System diseases: Red Lupus, HIV, Lepra and others.
- An allergic reaction to anesthesia components.
- Chronic diseases: liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc.
- Cancer
- Bronchial asthma
- Blood coagulation problems
- Mental illness
Relative contraindications (rhinoplasty can be done if the disease is cured) are related:
- Age up to 18 years (correction is acceptable only in the most extreme cases)
- Exacerbation of inflammatory diseases (throat pain, frontal, sinusitis, otitis media)
- Ars, Sars
- Skin diseases
- Age after 50 years (surgery is performed if there are no chronic diseases related to absolute contraindications)
- Pregnancy, breastfeeding, menstruation
How rhinoplasty passes
Rinoplasty is performed only under general anesthesia.The duration of the procedure depends on the complexity of the surgical intervention and varies from 30 minutes to 2 hours.During the first consultation, the doctor offers to make 3D modeling to achieve a complete understanding with the patient.This helps to show a person what final result can be expected.When you imagine it turns out in the end, it is easier for him to make a conscious decision.Before the operation, the patient needs to pass a general and biochemical blood analysis and a general urine test.It will also be necessary to perform a blood test for HIV and an analysis for blood tests for prothrombin.It will be necessary to make an electrocardiogram and perform an inspection with the profile doctors, if necessary.Patient preparation in the preoperative period includes the following recommendations:
Two weeks before the operation:
- Refuse to drink alcohol (especially carbonate)
- Do not take blood thinning drug
- Don't sunbathe
- No smoking
A week before the procedure:
- Acquire all necessary medications
- Minimize the use of cosmetics
- Buy contact lenses to replace glasses (for people with bad vision)
10 hours before the operation:
- Does not drink anything (or drink the minimum amount of liquid)
- Do not use perfume and cosmetics
- Prepare clothes that you don't need to be removed on your head
- Remove jewelry
Rehabilitation after rhinoplasty
The complete restoration of tissues after rhinoplasty occurs one year after surgery.To accelerate the process of healing the tissues and avoid the appearance of undesirable consequences, it is extremely important to strictly observe the doctor's recommendations regarding the behavior in the postoperative period.The first days after the operation, the patient is discomfort due to the fact that he has to constantly use plaster and support tampons in the nose.This means that you can only breathe with your nose, your mouth often dries.The temperature can be increased.I want to drink.It is difficult to wash and brush your teeth.Remove the plaster and remove the nose tourlands
It is impossible to do it.This can lead to undesirable deformations, an increase in swelling and problems with tissue healing.
The first four days of edema will intensify, and then begin to decrease.To contain swelling, it is recommended to make cold compresses on the first day.After removing plaster dressing for approximately two weeks, people will continue to experience discomfort caused by the edema of the nose.Perhaps a certain loss of sensitivity in the field of surgical intervention.The bruises are still visible.At this time, breathing with your nose is already easier. During the rehabilitation, the first week, rhinoplast surgeons recommend adhering to the following restrictions:
- You cannot eat too salty, spicy, acid and other simple and digested foods.
- You cannot bow your head down, bathe, lift weights (including taking a child or pets with more than 5 kg.) And loading.
- You will have to sleep just mouth, in a high pillow.
A person can go to work two weeks after surgery, although it will be necessary to avoid heavy physical work.Therefore, it is better to plan a vacation for this moment to provide a complete break and a break for rapid recovery.
Within two months after rhinoplasty:
- It is necessary to rinse the nasal cavity regularly
- You cannot undergo severe physical effort, practice sports or go to the pool
- You can't drink alcohol
- You can't smoke
- Reduce or eliminate coffee consumption
- It is forbidden to visit a bath house or sauna
- It is necessary to avoid direct sunlight on the face
- You can't wear glasses.They affect the shape of the bridges of the nose, so it must wait until the bone heals completely.
Possible complications after rhinoplasty
It is considered a normal state if immediately after surgery there are bruises around the eyes and swelling.They are a direct consequence of the damage during the surgery of small vessels.After almost two weeks, the primary edema and the bruise should already fall.
The first complications include the following problems:
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Very strong edema
- Fabric necrosis
- Wound infection
- Seam discovery
- Numbness of the nose tip
If these problems appear, it is necessary to resort to their assistant surgeon in a timely manner and begin treatment on time and prevent its greater development.
Late complications include:
- Perhaps the appearance of bone calluses
- Queloid scars formation
- Opinion of the nose tip
- The bifurcation of the tip of the nose
- The shape of the nose assembly
- The curvature of the back of the nose
- Asymmetry
- The appearance of a nose hump
- Partition drilling
- Difficult breathing
Most complications listed above can be removed using repeated operation.Some of them appear due to surgeon errors, others due to the failure of inappropriate behavior of the patient during the recovery period, and the appearance of some is explained by the various characteristics of the human body.